山区河流河床形态与水沙变化下的水位响应机理研究
Study on Water Level Response to River Morphology and Sediment Supply in Mountain Rivers
- 工程科学与技术 2017年49卷第5期 页码：56-62
DOI：10.15961/j.jsuese.201700142
中图分类号： TV143.3纸质出版日期：2017，
网络出版日期：2017-6-15
扫 描 看 全 文
引用本文
阅读全文PDF
摘要
中文摘要: 山区流域暴雨山洪、滑坡、泥石流等灾害频发，大量泥沙以不同方式进入河道，河床形态在极短时间内迅速调整。在宽窄相间河段水流输沙能力差异较大，展宽段常因挟沙能力的降低而淤高河床，致使水位陡增，引发洪水灾害。为探讨山区河流宽窄相间河段与泥沙补给变化下的水位变化致灾机理，以室内物理模型系列试验结果为依据，分析不同流量定床清水时河床形态参数与各水力参数的变化关系，以及泥沙补给变化对河床形态及水流参数的影响。试验表明：上游泥沙补给量及河床形态是影响水流流态、水位变化的重要因素；定床清水条件下，河宽与比降的局部急剧调整影响水流参数变化，水流对河床变化的响应具有滞后性；当上游有泥沙补给时，水深变化较清水来流明显；随着来沙量的增大，大量泥沙淤堵河道且呈现溯源淤积的趋势，并淤高河床；在淤积段顶端，水流发生水跃现象，水位陡增，甚至出现漫滩致灾。由此可见，上游来沙及水流挟沙能力的降低将引起河床不同程度的落淤，造成河床形态改变，特别是在宽窄相间河段泥沙易落淤，水位增幅较大，为洪灾泛滥区，应作为水沙灾害的重点防治区域。
Abstract
Abstract:Due to the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfalls,landslides and debris flows in mountain regions,a large amount of sediments enter into rivers in different ways,silt up riverbed and change the river pattern,especially in wide-narrow reaches which cause water level to increase sharply and induce flood disasters.In order to study the mechanism of water level change under different river morphology and sediment supply changes in mountain rivers,the experiment was conducted.The correlation between the hydraulic parameters,the river morphology and the sediment supply was discussed.The experimental results showed that the hydraulic parameters were affected by river width and riverbed gradient under clear-water condition and the response of water flow to riverbed change was delayed.The sediment supply affected river morphology and further affected the flow parameters.The water depth changed more obviously compared to the clear-water condition.With the sediment supply being increased,more sediments silted in the riverbed,raised the riverbed towards the upstream.At the top of the siltation,a hydraulic jump was found to occur accompanied with a sharp increase of water level,leading the water up to the floodplain.Thus,the upstream sediment supply exacerbated the riverbed elevation,especially in the wide-narrow regions,where sediment was easily silted and water level increased steeply causing flood to occur.The flow-sediment disasters prevention should be the focus of these areas.
参考文献
Guo Shenglian,Liu Zhangjun,Xiong Lihua.Advances and assessment on design flood estimation methods[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(3):302-314.[郭生练,刘章君,熊立华.设计洪水计算方法研究进展与评价[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):302-314.] [百度学术]
Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian,Huang Er,et al.Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-YangtzeRiver in earthquake background[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):26-34.[曹叔尤,刘兴年,黄尔,等.地震背景下的川江流域泥沙与河床演变问题研究进展[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):26-34.] [百度学术]
Cao Shuyou,Liu Xingnian.Adaptive Adjustment and Mutation Response of River Bed within Changing Sediment Supply in Mountain River[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,48(1):1-7.[曹叔尤,刘兴年.泥沙补给变化下山区河流河床适应性调整与突变响应[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(1):1-7.] [百度学术]
Hou Ji,Liu Xingnian,Jiang Beihan,et al.Experimental study of water depth in steep channel flow carrying sediments by mountain torrents[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2012,43(S2):48-53.[侯极,刘兴年,蒋北寒,等.山洪携带泥沙引发的山区大比降河流水深变化规律研究[J].水利学报,2012,43(增刊2):48-53.] [百度学术]
Guo Zhixue,Su Yangzhong,Peng Qing\'e,et al.Study on the influence of water block caused by congeries at the bank of river with different stream gradient[J] Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2012,44(5):13-18.[郭志学,苏扬中,彭清娥,等.堆积体对不同比降河流壅水影响研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2012,44(5):13-18.] [百度学术]
Li Bin,Gu Aijun,Guo Zhixue,et al.Experimental study of water level in steep channel flow under high sediment concentration[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2015,47(Supp 2):34-39.[李彬,顾爱军,郭志学,等.强输沙对陡坡河道水位激增的影响试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版)版,2015,47(增刊2):34-39.] [百度学术]
Li Bin,Guo Zhixue,Chen Ridong,et al.Experimental study on sediment deposition and water level surge under high sediment concentration in variable steep slope river[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2015(3):63-68.[李彬,郭志学,陈日东,等.变坡陡比降河道强输沙下泥沙淤积与水位激增的试验研究[J].泥沙研究,2015(3):63-68.] [百度学术]
Wang Xiekang,Wang Bingjie,Wang Haizhou,et al.Experiment study on influences of boulder on channel responses and sediment supply with limited water depth in mountain river[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016,48(6):46-50.[王协康,王冰洁,王海周,等.山区河流浅水条件下漂石对河床响应与泥沙补给影响的试验研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(6):46-50.] [百度学术]
Dietrich W E,Kirchner J W,Ikeda H,et al.Sediment supply and the development of the coarse surface layer in gravel bed rivers[J].Nature,1989,340(6230):215-217. [百度学术]
Imaizumi F,Gomi T,Kobayashi S,et al.Changes in bedload transport rate associated with episodic sediment supply in a Japanese headwater channel[J].Catena,2009,77(3):207-215. [百度学术]
Young W J,Olley J M,Prosser I P,et al.Relative changes in sediment supply and sediment transport capacity in a bedrock-controlled river[J].Water Resources Research,2001,37(12):3307-3320. [百度学术]
Wang Qiang,Nie Ruihua,Fan niannian,et,al.Study on Effects of Incoming Sediment Change on River Bed-form and Bed Load Transport[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016,48(Supp 1):20-24.[王强,聂锐华,范念念,等.来沙条件变化对河床形态及推移质运动的影响研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(增刊1):20-24.] [百度学术]
吴持恭.水力学:上册[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2008. [百度学术]
钱宁.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983. [百度学术]
2884
浏览量
5218
下载量
9
CNKI被引量
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
- 技术支持由北京北大方正电子有限公司提供 京ICP备09064830号-19
京公网安备11010802024621 - 本系统建议在Chrome、 IE9+ 以上版本浏览器阅读本站内容，360浏览器请切换至极速模式
- Cookies帮助我们提供服务并提供个性化体验。使用本网站，即表示您同意我们使用Cookies