多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化方法的结构参数识别

刘丽君; 林颖海; 苏永辉; 雷鹰

doi:10.12454/j.jsuese.202400842

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多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化方法的结构参数识别

更新时间：2025-05-19

- 多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化方法的结构参数识别
- Structural Parameter Identification Using Multi-Objective Modified Directional Bat Algorithm
- 工程科学与技术 2025年页码：1-10
- 作者机构：
  
  厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院，福建厦门 361005
- 作者简介：
  
  刘丽君（1974—），女，副教授，博士.研究方向：结构健康监测 E-mail： liulj214@xmu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  厦门市建设科技计划项目(XJK2022-1-2);国家自然科学基金项目(52178304)
- DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202400842
  中图分类号： TU31
- 收稿日期：2024-10-18，
  
  修回日期：2025-02-03，
  
  网络出版日期：2025-05-19，
- 稿件说明：
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刘丽君,林颖海,苏永辉等.多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化方法的结构参数识别[J].工程科学与技术,

LIU Li-jun,LIN Ying-hai,SU Yong-hui,et al.Structural Parameter Identification Using Multi-Objective Modified Directional Bat Algorithm[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,XXXX,XX(XX):1‒10.
刘丽君,林颖海,苏永辉等.多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化方法的结构参数识别[J].工程科学与技术, DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202400842.

LIU Li-jun,LIN Ying-hai,SU Yong-hui,et al.Structural Parameter Identification Using Multi-Objective Modified Directional Bat Algorithm[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,XXXX,XX(XX):1‒10. DOI： 10.12454/j.jsuese.202400842.

摘要

本文旨在提出一种基于多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化方法（MOMDBA）的结构参数识别方法，以解决传统单目标优化方法中权重因子主观设定导致的识别结果不准确问题。通过对每个目标进行独立探索，不指定任意的权重因子来给出一组最优解集Pareto前沿，并选取Pareto前沿上最大残差的最小值作为多目标优化问题的最优解，结合改进的定向蝙蝠优化方法，提出了多目标改进定向蝙蝠优化的结构参数识别方法。通过对桁架的结构损伤识别验证了提出方法的有效性，在加噪情况下与非支配排序遗传的多目标方法（NSGA-II）以及多目标粒子群方法（MOPSO）对比，MOMDBA在3%噪声条件下表现出色，损伤单元识别的最大相对误差仅为3.85%，误判单元数量最少。最后，通过对海文大桥的结构参数优化识别，MOMDBA成功识别了14个结构参数，最大相对误差为2.59%，识别后的模态频率最大相对误差为0.252%。结果表明，MOMDBA能够有效处理复杂结构的参数识别问题，即使在噪声影响下也能保持较高的精度和稳定性。进一步验证了所提方法的有效性和可靠性。

Abstract

Objective

Structural parameter identification based on swarm intelligent optimization methods has become one of the popular methods for finite element model modification. The swarm intelligent optimization methods transform a complex problem of structural parameter identification into a constrained optimization problem. However， traditional single-objective optimization methods， which aggregate multiple evaluation indices into a single weighted objective function， often face challenges. The manual determination of weight factors introduces subjectivity， which can significantly affect the accuracy of the results. Improper weights may lead to suboptimal solutions， rendering the method less effective in practical applications. To address these challenges， a novel Multi-Objective Modified Directional Bat Algorithm （MOMDBA） was proposed for the structural parameters identification. Unlike traditional methods， MOMDBA independently explored each objective without the requirement for predefined weight factors. In this method， subjectivity was eliminated by constructing the Pareto frontier of the optimal solutions， and the optimal solution was identified according to the minimum of the maximum residual. This approach improved the accuracy and robustness of structural parameter identification while maintaining computational efficiency.

Methods

MOMDBA is an enhanced version of the Directional Bat Algorithm （DBA）， a swarm intelligence optimization technique inspired by the echolocation behavior of bats. While DBA has been effective for various optimization problems， it is prone to issues such as premature convergence and suboptimal exploration of the solution space. MOMDBA addressed these limitations through three key improvements： 1） Individual Historical Best Position Tracking： This feature allowed the algorithm to retain and utilize the best individual solutions encountered during the search process， improving its ability to explore the solution space effectively. 2） Hybrid Global-Local Search Strategy： By combining global exploration with local exploitation， MOMDBA enhanced its ability to converge towards optimal solutions while avoiding local optima. 3） Elimination Mechanism： To maintain population diversity and prevent stagnation， low-performing individuals were periodically replaced with new solutions. The algorithm began with the initialization of optimization variables， constraints， Pareto front size， and key parameters such as frequency， loudness， and pulse rates. During each iteration， solutions were evaluated based on multiple objectives， and a Pareto frontier was constructed by assigning random weights to these objectives. Each solution on the frontier was assessed for its maximum residual across all objectives. The solution with the smallest maximum residual was selected as the global optimum. The approach was validated through two applications. In the first case， a 12-node， 26-element truss structure was analyzed for damage identification. Damage was simulated by reducing the Young’s modulus of specific elements. To simulate real-world conditions， noise was added to modal parameters. Dynamic features， such as natural frequencies and mode shapes， were used for damage detection. In the second application， MOMDBA was applied to update the finite element model of the Haiwen Bridge， a single-tower cable-stayed bridge with 236 girder elements and 60 tower elements. Static and dynamic features were combined， including natural frequencies， mode shapes， and strain influence lines. Fourteen structural parameters， such as elastic modulus， material density， and sectional properties， were optimized. Initial parameter values were intentionally perturbed from true values to test the robustness of the algorithm.

Results and Discussions

The effectiveness of MOMDBA was demonstrated through two case studies： damage identification in a truss structure and finite element model updating of the Haiwen Bridge. In the truss damage identification case， MOMDBA demonstrated superior performance under challenging conditions， including 3% noise in the input data. The algorithm successfully identified damage locations and severities， achieving a maximum relative error of 3.85% for damaged elements. Only one false positive was detected， with a minor error of 1.52%. These results highlight the algorithm’s robustness and precision in handling noisy data. Compared to Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization （MOPSO） and the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II （NSGA-II）， MOMDBA outperformed its counterpart. MOPSO and NSGA-II exhibited higher relative errors， particularly for severely damaged elements， and generated multiple false positives. In the Haiwen Bridge application， MOMDBA successfully identified all 14 structural parameters with a maximum relative error of 2.59%. The identified modal frequencies across seven modes exhibited a maximum deviation of 0.252%， demonstrating the method’s capability to handle complex， large-scale structural systems. By integrating static and dynamic features， the algorithm ensured accurate model updating even under noisy conditions. Additionally， the elimination mechanism ensured population diversity， preventing premature convergence and improving the quality of the solutions. By eliminating subjective weight factors， MOMDBA provided more accurate and reliable results in both damage identification and parameter optimization. Its robustness to noise make it a practical choice for real-world applications， where data quality may be affected by environmental and operational conditions. These results demonstrated that MOMDBA offers a systematic approach to multi-objective optimization in structural health monitoring. Its versatility and reliability make it suitable for a wide range of engineering applications， from small-scale structures to large， complex systems.

Conclusions

This study presents a novel Multi-Objective Modified Directional Bat Algorithm （MOMDBA） for structural parameter identification， addressing limitations of traditional single-objective optimization methods. Key contributions of MOMDBA include independent exploration of multiple objectives， elimination of weight factor subjectivity， and enhanced optimization performance through historical best position tracking and elimination strategies. Applications to both truss damage identification and the finite element model updating of the Haiwen Bridge validate the method’s effectiveness and reliability. For the truss structure， MOMDBA accurately identified damage locations and severities under noisy conditions， outperforming MOPSO and NSGA-II in precision and robustness. For the Haiwen Bridge， the algorithm successfully optimized structural parameters， demonstrating its suitability for large-scale and complex structures. Future work will focus on experimental validation of MOMDBA under real-world conditions and its integration with advanced monitoring technologies. Further research may also explore adaptive extensions of the algorithm for real-time structural health monitoring. Overall， the proposed method offers a reliable， accurate， and versatile solution for multi-objective optimization in structural parameters identification.

关键词

Keywords

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