面向航运的金沙江下游水库群中长期多目标协同调度

陈仕军; 许唯临; 陈作强; 张法星

doi:10.12454/j.jsuese.202400238

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面向航运的金沙江下游水库群中长期多目标协同调度

河流保护与治理 | 更新时间：2026-05-19

- 面向航运的金沙江下游水库群中长期多目标协同调度
- Medium- and Long-term Multi-objective Collaborative Scheduling of the Reservoirs Group in the lower Reaches of the Jinsha River for Navigation
- 工程科学与技术 2026年58卷第3期页码：102-110
- 作者机构：
  
  1.四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室，四川成都 610065
  2.四川省港航投资集团有限责任公司，四川成都 610041
- 作者简介：
  
  陈仕军（1989—），男，副研究员. 研究方向：梯级水库群联合调度. E-mail：fjnpcsj@126.com
  张法星，研究员，E-mail： zhfx@scu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  四川省软科学研究计划项目(2022JDR0358)
- DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202400238
  中图分类号： TV74
- 收稿：2024-04-07，
  
  修回：2024-04-29，
  
  网络首发：2024-05-07，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-20
- 稿件说明：
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陈仕军,许唯临,陈作强,等.面向航运的金沙江下游水库群中长期多目标协同调度[J].工程科学与技术,2026,58(3):102‒110.

Chen Shijun,Xu Weilin,Chen Zuoqiang,et al.Medium- and long-term multi-objective collaborative scheduling of the reservoirs group in the lower reaches of the jinsha river for navigation[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2026,58(3):102‒110.
陈仕军,许唯临,陈作强,等.面向航运的金沙江下游水库群中长期多目标协同调度[J].工程科学与技术,2026,58(3):102‒110. DOI： 10.12454/j.jsuese.202400238.

Chen Shijun,Xu Weilin,Chen Zuoqiang,et al.Medium- and long-term multi-objective collaborative scheduling of the reservoirs group in the lower reaches of the jinsha river for navigation[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2026,58(3):102‒110. DOI： 10.12454/j.jsuese.202400238.

摘要

三峡水运新通道建成后，长江川境段航道将成为金沙江下游航道与长江上游重庆段之间的瓶颈航段，制约长江黄金水道运能的发挥，长江川境段航道等级提升迫在眉睫，但受环境保护制约传统航道整治措施难以实施。在此背景下，开展金沙江下游水库群中长期航运‒发电多目标协同调度研究，探索利用金沙江下游梯级水库群的调蓄作用，增加枯水期长江川境段河道流量、提高长江川境段航道等级的可行性。本文以向家坝水电站枯水期最小下泄流量最大和梯级总发电量最大为目标，构建了金沙江下游梯级水库群航运‒发电多目标协同调度模型，并采用逐步优化算法进行航运‒发电多目标协同调度模型的求解计算。丰水年、平水年、枯水年的实例研究结果表明：本文所提的航运‒发电多目标协同调度模型在丰水年、平水年、枯水年能够将向家坝水库的最小下泄流量分别提升43.97%、23.53%和19.48%，而金沙江下游梯级水电站群的总发电量分别减少0.76%、1.72%和1.02%，枯水期梯级最小出力的减幅分别为36.32%、36.68%和38.03%，其对电网的发电影响相对有限，可由其他电源予以补充。研究成果可为金沙江下游梯级水库群航运‒发电多目标协同调度提升长江川境段航道等级提供技术支撑和决策参考，有助于长江黄金水道建设和交通强国战略的实施。

Abstract

Objective

With the construction of the new Three Gorges water transportation channel

the waterway in the Chuanjing section of the Yangtze River becomes a bottleneck between the downstream waterway of the Jinsha River and the Chongqing section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River

restricting the full utilization of the transportation capacity of the Yangtze River's golden waterway. The upgrading of the waterway in the Chuanjing section of the Yangtze River is urgent

but traditional waterway improvement measures are difficult to implement due to environmental protection constraints. Therefore

this research explores the feasibility of utilizing the regulating and storage effects of cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River to increase the flow of the Yangtze River during the dry season and improve the waterway level by conducting a multi-objective collaborative scheduling study on medium-and long-term navigation and hydropower generation in the reservoir group.

Methods

Firstly

based on the demand for navigation and water replenishment during the dry season of downstream rivers

this research aimed to improve the minimum discharge flow of Xiangjiaba Hydropower station as the navigation goal and to maximize the total power generation of cascade hydropower stations as the power generation goal. A multi-objective collaborative adjustment model for navigation and power generation of cascade reservoirs in the downstream of the Jinsha River was constructed

considering constraints such as water balance constraints

reservoir water level constraints

reservoir power generation flow constraints

power plant output constraints

cascade power plant water connection constraints

and non-negative condition constraints. Secondly

this research adopted the commonly used progressive optimization algorithm (hereinafter referred to as "POA algorithm") in the optimization scheduling research of cascade reservoir groups to calculate the multi-objective collaborative scheduling model of navigation and power generation of the cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River. The POA algorithm decomposed a multi-stage problem into multiple two-stage problems

with different two-stage problems connected by state variables. The two-stage problem was solved by fixing the state variables of other stages and performing optimization calculations on the selected two-stage decision variables. After solving these two-stage problems

the next two-stage problem was considered

and the previous calculation result was used as the initial feasible solution for the next optimization calculation. The process continued to loop until convergence. Finally

this research considered four cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River

including Wudongde

Baihetan

Xiluodu

and Xiangjiaba

as research objects and conducted case studies. This research calculated the hydrological frequency of the measured annual runoff series of the designed hydrological station (Huatan Hydrological Station) of the Wudongde Hydropower Station

and selected 1999

2003

and 1997 as the years representing wet (25%)

normal (50%)

and dry (75%) conditions

respectively. Using the water conservancy year (from early June to late May of the following year) as the cycle and ten days as the calculation period

the runoff data of the cascade reservoirs in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River in wet years

normal years

and dry years were used for example calculations. At the same time

for the convenience of comparative analysis of calculation results

the optimization scheduling model (hereinafter referred to as "Model 2") with the goal of maximizing the total power generation of the cascade while considering the minimum output during the dry season was calculated and compared to the multi-objective collaborative scheduling model for navigation and power generation established in this study (hereinafter referred to as "Model 1".

Results and Discussions

By compared to Model 2

Model 1 significantly increased the minimum discharge flow to the Jiaba Reservoir during the dry season from November to April. The minimum ten-day average flow in the wet year

normal year

and dry year increased from 2 893 m

·s

-1

2 745 m

·s

-1

and 2 485 m

·s

-1

in Model 2 to 4 165 m

·s

-1

3 391 m

·s

-1

and 2 969 m

·s

-1

respectively

with increases of 43.97%

23.53%

and 19.48%

respectively. In Model 1

the discharge flow of the cascade reservoir group during the dry season was normalized

and the storage capacity of the reservoir group was relatively evenly utilized to supplement the river flow during the dry season

which increased the navigation depth of the river downstream of the Jiaba Reservoir and was more conducive to ship passage. The total annual cascade power generation of Model 2 was 339.982 billion kW·h

31.567 billion kW·h

and 26.533 3 billion kW·h in wet years

normal years

and dry years

respectively. The total annual cascade power generation of Model 1 was 337.739 3

30.817 2

and 26.263 9 billion kW·h

respectively. Compared to Model 2

the total annual cascade power generation of Model 1 decreased by 0.76%

1.72%

and 1.02%

respectively. Compared to Model 2

the minimum output of the cascades in Model 1 during the dry season significantly decreased

from 31.702

30.602 1

and 27.604 million kW in the wet year

normal year

and dry year

respectively

to 20.186 8 million kW

19.377 6 million kW

and 17.105 1 million kW in Model 1

with reductions of 36.32%

36.68%

and 38.03%

respectively. The impact of Model 1 on the total power generation and minimum output of cascade reservoirs was mainly concentrated in the dry season. Model 1 achieved a significant increase in the navigation flow of downstream channels of cascade reservoirs during the dry season (43.97%

22.20%

19.48%) with small power generation losses (0.76%

1.72%

1.02%). However

it had a significant impact on the minimum output of the cascade during the dry season

with reductions of 36.32%

36.68%

and 38.03%

respectively. However

it was considered that within the entire power system

in addition to the cascade hydropower stations downstream of the Jinsha River

there were other hydropower stations and other types of power sources. Therefore

the impact of the total power output reduction

during the dry season of the cascade hydropower stations downstream of the Jinsha River on the power grid was relatively limited and could be supplemented by other power sources. Accordingly

the coordinated scheduling of navigation and power generation through Model 1 balanced the power generation and navigation benefits of the cascade reservoir group and better leveraged the comprehensive utilization benefits of the downstream cascade reservoir group of the Jinsha River.

Conclusions

The research results provide technical support and decision-making references for improving the waterway level of the Yangtze River through multi-objective collaborative scheduling of navigation and hydropower generation in the downstream cascade reservoirs of the Jinsha River. This contributes to the construction of the Yangtze River's golden waterway and supports the implementation of the strategy to build a strong transportation system in China.

关键词

Keywords

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