山区河流推移质泥沙监测技术研究进展

罗铭; 刘兴年; 彭万兵; 吴小康; 何逸敏; 黄尔

doi:10.12454/j.jsuese.202300840

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山区河流推移质泥沙监测技术研究进展

山区河流变化科学 | 更新时间：2025-01-17

- 山区河流推移质泥沙监测技术研究进展
- Advances in Bedload Monitoring Technologies in Mountain Rivers
- 工程科学与技术 2025年57卷第1期页码：11-20
- 作者机构：
  
  1.四川大学山区河流保护与治理全国重点实验室，四川成都 610065
  2.长江水利委员会水文局西南诸河水文水资源勘测局，云南昆明 650000
- 作者简介：
  
  [ "罗铭（1995—），男，助理研究员，博士. 研究方向：河流动力学. E-mail：luoming@scu.edu.cn" ]
  研究员，E-mail：huang_er@scu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
  
  第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019QZKK020401）；四川省自然科学基金项目（2024NSFSC0981）；高校基本科研业务费（2024SCU12092）
- DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202300840
  中图分类号： TV143
- 收稿日期：2023-10-23，
  
  修回日期：2024-02-27，
  
  网络出版日期：2024-05-29，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-01-20
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
罗铭,刘兴年,彭万兵,等.山区河流推移质泥沙监测技术研究进展[J].工程科学与技术,2025,57(1):11–20

Luo Ming,Liu Xingnian,Peng Wanbing,et al.Advances in bedload monitoring technologies in mountain rivers[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2025,57(1):11–20
罗铭,刘兴年,彭万兵,等.山区河流推移质泥沙监测技术研究进展[J].工程科学与技术,2025,57(1):11–20 DOI： 10.12454/j.jsuese.202300840.

Luo Ming,Liu Xingnian,Peng Wanbing,et al.Advances in bedload monitoring technologies in mountain rivers[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2025,57(1):11–20 DOI： 10.12454/j.jsuese.202300840.

摘要

受推移质监测技术的限制，高精度瞬时监测和分析天然山区河流的推移质输移特征变化存在困难，形成技术瓶颈。全球气候变化导致河流水沙变化巨大，加剧了中国的山区河流保护与治理事业的挑战。本文按照直接监测和间接监测分类对近年国内外推移质监测技术研究进展进行了全面整理。直接监测法包括了器测法和坑测法，其中器测法发展较为成熟，但直接监测法在高洪条件下的可操作性及安全性问题仍然突出。间接监测法可连续、长期地记录包含河床变化、推移质输移等信号，主要分为主动监测法和被动监测法，其中被动监测法又分为接触与非接触式，包括了推移质击板/柱/管、地震检波器、水听器等。但间接监测法传感器所记录的信号通常非常复杂，对信号的有效解译及量化标定关系成为该类研究的热点及难点。据此，本文指出了原型观测站点的建设、多源信号监测技术的融合、流域推移质泥沙监测装备体系的构建是未来研究的重点和亟待解决的科技问题。

Abstract

Significance

Accurately monitoring bedload transport in mountain rivers is critical for understanding sediment dynamics

predicting geomorphological changes

and informing sustainable river management practices. Current techniques face considerable limitations

particularly in the context of natural mountain rivers. These regions pose unique challenges due to high flow rates

complex sediment compositions

and rapidly changing environmental conditions. Global climate change further complicates the situation

significantly altering river hydrology and sediment transport.

Progress

This study provides an exhaustive review of the current state of bedload monitoring technologies

both domestically and internationally. Direct measurement techniques are thoroughly examined

including instrument-based and pit-slot methods. Instrument-based methods

such as sediment samplers and sediment traps

experience substantial advancements in accuracy

efficiency

and data collection capabilities. However

these methods face significant limitations

particularly regarding their applicability during high flood conditions. Issues such as equipment damage

safety concerns

and the inability to capture sporadic and highly concentrated bedload events present considerable challenges. Pit-slot methods involve the excavation of pits or slots in the river bed to directly measure sediment load. Although these methods yield accurate measurements

they are labor-intensive

disruptive to the natural river environment

and often impractical in high-energy mountain rivers. Indirect measurement methods

capable of long-term

continuous recording of signals related to bed changes and bedload transport

are extensively reviewed. These methods are primarily divided into active and passive methods. Active methods

such as acoustic Doppler velocimetry and laser Doppler anemometry

use externally generated signals to measure bedload transport. Although these methods provide the advantage of non-invasive measurements

they are affected by factors such as water turbidity

signal scattering

and interference from suspended sediment. Passive methods are further categorized into contact and non-contact types. Contact methods

such as bedload impact plates

columns

and pipes

rely on the impact of moving sediment to generate signals. Non-contact methods

including seismometers and hydrophones

detect the vibrations or sounds produced by bedload movement. These methods enable continuous

real-time monitoring and provide valuable insights into sediment transport dynamics. However

the signals recorded by these sensors are often complex and influenced by various environmental factors. This complexity creates significant challenges in signal interpretation and quantitative calibration

making this a research hotspot with ongoing efforts to develop more effective signal processing and calibration techniques. The study concludes by emphasizing the need to construct prototype observation stations

integrate multi-source signal monitoring technologies

and develop watershed bedload monitoring equipment systems. These aspects require immediate resolution of technological challenges to enhance hydro-sediment monitoring capabilities. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of bedload transport in mountain rivers and its relationship with geological environments and climatic conditions in the basin remains a crucial research priority.

Conclusions and Prospects

This understanding further raises the development of bedload measurement technology and computational theoretical methods

providing fundamental data support for studying the global sediment source-sink system. It also provides significant references for water resource environmental management

sustainable development planning in mountain basins

disaster prevention and mitigation

and major national engineering construction in China. Despite extensive research and progress

the complexity of bedload monitoring issues presents considerable exploration space based on existing advancements and results. The key and urgent technical problems include constructing prototype observation stations

integrating multi-source signal monitoring technologies

and building watershed bedload monitoring equipment systems. These challenges emphasize the importance of continued research and development in this field to improve the understanding of sediment dynamics in mountain rivers and to contribute to more sustainable river management practices.

关键词

Keywords

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