生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究

戴杰; 王洪宇; 王康; 毛劲乔; 龚轶青; 金成; 胡毅

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生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究

更新时间：2025-10-30

- 生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究
- Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs
- 工程科学与技术 2025年页码：1-12
- 作者机构：
  
  1.河海大学水利水电学院，江苏南京 210098
  2.河海大学水科学研究院，江苏南京 211106
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  中图分类号： TV131.2
- 网络出版：2025-10-29，
- 稿件说明：
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戴杰,王洪宇,王康等.生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究[J].工程科学与技术,

Dai Jie,Wang Hongyu,Wang Kang,et al.Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,
戴杰,王洪宇,王康等.生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究[J].工程科学与技术, DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202500741.

Dai Jie,Wang Hongyu,Wang Kang,et al.Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences, DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202500741.XXXX,XX(XX):1‒12.

摘要

生态透水鱼礁作为河湖生态修复和鱼类生境营造的重要措施，能够通过透水孔洞调节流场效应，促进鱼类聚集与庇护，并为水生植物提供附着基底。然而，传统迎流面透水率

设计指标难以全面反映鱼礁3维几何特征对流场及生态效应的综合影响。为此，本文用大涡模拟方法（LES）构建立方体人工鱼礁数值模型，并结合实验数据对模型准确性进行验证，进一步分析孔隙率

、表面积比

和迎流面透水率

对人工鱼礁的上升流、背涡流、再循环区特性、瞬时流场结构和流场效应的影响。结果表明，高孔隙率降低了上升流、背涡流和再循环区的几何尺度，鱼礁内部中空化提升

可恢复上升流、背涡流和再循环区的规模；生态透水孔洞破坏上游马蹄涡的完整性并抑制了地面涡的生成，高孔隙率降低了人工鱼礁周围涡旋结构的强度与尺度；上升流与背涡体积随孔隙率

呈非单调变化，中等孔隙率

（0.2～0.6）表现更优；表面积比

与水力体积呈显著正相关，提升

可显著提高人工鱼礁的生态水力效应。本研究为人工鱼礁优化设计、生态栖息地修复和渔业资源增殖提供了可量化的理论依据与工程参考。

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to address the limitation of using only frontal permeability (

) as a design index for eco-permeable artificial reefs. A single permeability metric cannot fully capture the influence of three-dimensional reef geometry on local flow fields and ecological functions. Therefore

key structural parameters includi

ng porosity (

) and surface-area ratio (

) were introduced in addition to

. The objective was to quantify how variations in

and

affect reef-induced flow patterns (the upwelling flow above the reef

the wake vortex in its lee

and the downstream recirculation zone) to inform optimized reef design for habitat restoration.

Methods

A numerical model of a cubic artificial reef was developed using large-eddy simulation (LES) to resolve the transient flow structures around the reef. The LES approach was chosen for its ability to capture flow separation and vortex shedding that simpler Reynolds-averaged methods cannot reproduce. The model's accuracy was first validated against laboratory experiments to ensure that key flow features (upwelling region

wake vortices

recirculation zone) were correctly simulated. Following validation

six reef configurations were then simulated under steady approach-flow conditions. These cases varied the reef's porosity

(from 0 for a solid reef up to a high value for a highly permeable reef)

the surface-area ratio

(adjusted by adding internal hollow sections)

and the frontal permeability

(the opening ratio of the reef's front face). For each scenario

velocity fields and coherent vortex structures were obtained

and the resulting upwelling

wake

and recirculation characteristics were compared across cases.

Results and Discussions

At zero porosity (a solid reef)

a strong upwelling zone and pronounced wake vortex formed along with an extensive downstream recirculation region. As porosity increased

more flow passed through the reef

diminishing the blockage effect and weakening these flow structures. A very high porosity (

≈0.90) drastically reduced the extent of the upwelling

wake

and recirculation zones. H

owever

introducing internal hollows (thus raising

) compensated for these losses. Reefs with higher

had larger upwelling and wake regions than those with comparable

but lower

indicating that added internal surface area helped restore the flow disturbance and energy dissipation capacity of the reef.Permeable openings also influenced vortex dynamics around the reef. At low or zero porosity

a classic horseshoe vortex formed in front of the reef and a ground-attached vortex developed downstream near the base. Moderate to high porosity fragmented the upstream horseshoe vortex and suppressed the downstream ground vortex. At very high porosity

only small

weak vortices persisted around the reef. Thus

adding permeability introduced more complex internal flows

but too much permeability reduced the reef's ability to generate strong vortices in its wake. In contrast

the surface-area ratio

showed a strong positive correlation with beneficial flow effects. A larger surface area consistently yielded greater upwelling and wake volumes: the case with the highest

(1.42) produced about 17% more upwelling and wake volume than the baseline solid reef

whereas the lowest S (0.74) resulted in only about 60% of the baseline volume. Even at a given moderate

increasing S significantly enhanced the flow field. For example

raising

by about 21% (from 1.416 to 1.714) led to approximately a 13% increase in both upwelling and wake volumes despite an accompanying rise in porosity. These results highlight that expanding the reef's surface area (e.g.

through internal chambers or roughness elements) can offset some negative effects of high porosity and improve the overall hydrodynamic performance. The effects of frontal permeability

mirrored those of porosity. A moderate frontal opening (

around 9%) yielded the strong

est upwelling and recirculation zones

while both lower and higher

resulted in weaker flow disturbances. This finding reinforces the existence of an optimal permeability level: enough openings to induce diverse flow patterns

but not so many that the reef's influence is diminished.

关键词

Keywords

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