Abstract:In order to avoid the severe climate changes caused by a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions from bringing destructive impact on global development, most countries are rapidly increasing the proportion of renewable resources in their energy production to accelerate the energytransition and realize the commitment of achieving carbon neutrality by the middle of this century. However, the legacy system did not consider the large-scale integration of renewable resources at the beginning of its formation. Therefore, it is often vulnerable to the intermittent, fluctuating and random characteristics of such resources. In this paper, based on the summing upand development of the smart grid and the sector coupling concept of energy utilization raised by Germany, and taking into account the widespread adoption of large-scale underground storage and AI-based (artificial intelligence) monitoring, analysis and forecasting, an integrated future framework named clean energy systems based on smart sector coupling (ENSYSCO) is proposed. Firstly, ENSYSCO closely couples the three sectors of energy’s production, consumption and storage through applying the power-to-X-to-power techniques. The introduction of large-scale underground storage on one hand greatly improves the redundancy and flexibility of the system, on the other hand enables the regions to obtain a more abundant and stable energy reserve. Secondly, various functional complexes within the future energy system lead to more complex supply-demand relationships, and at the same time, there is an urgent request for proper transport grids. The lightweight AI method driven by the hybrid of physics and data not only endows the governance system powerful analysis, decision-making and feedback capabilities, but also makes the operation of the entire system more efficient, robust and energy-saving. Finally, most of the techniques in the ENSYSCO framework, e.g. the pumped-storage hydroelectricity in mines (PSHm), are mature enough and can be put into industrial applications immediately. Further research on the regenerative enhanced geothermal system (REGS) and the AI governance will help ENSYSCO to promote China’s achievement of carbon neutrality more effective.