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工程科学与技术:2022,54(5):12-18
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坡面植被覆盖度对泥沙输移的影响特性
(1.黄河水利科学研究院,河南 郑州 450003;2.黄河水利委员会,河南 郑州 450000;3.四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610065)
Effects of Slope Vegetation Coverage on Sediment Transport
(1.Yellow River Inst. of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China;2.Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou 450000, China;3.State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065, China)
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投稿时间:2021-07-02    修订日期:2021-10-04
中文摘要: 植被恢复是黄土高原产沙大幅减小的重要原因之一。为探究坡面植被覆盖度对泥沙输移的影响,采用理论分析和野外小区试验相结合的方法,分析了植被覆盖度与坡面输沙率之间的关系。基于Einstein泥沙运动理论,从泥沙运动的角度对坡面泥沙颗粒的运动过程进行理论分析,建立了坡面相对输沙率与植被覆盖度间的关系式;通过野外径流冲刷试验对该关系式予以验证,试验共设置6个流量级(流量范围在0.14~1.40 L·s–1之间,分别为0.14、0.28、0.56、0.83、1.11、1.40 L·s–1)、8个植被覆盖度(0、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、80%、100%),共48组试验。结果表明:计算值较实测值整体偏大,大流量条件下计算值与实测值吻合较好,小流量条件下计算值与实测值有一定的偏差。综合理论与试验分析可知:植被对输沙能力的影响与植被覆盖度、植被株径和泥沙粒径有关;在相同的坡面地形及植被覆盖度条件下,株径较小的植被比株径较大的植被更有利于减沙;同一种植被,在泥沙粒径较粗的地区减沙效果更为明显,只需达到一个较小的覆盖度,便可以开始发挥有效的减沙效益;在植被覆盖度较低时,发挥有效减沙效果的覆盖度阈值由坡面泥沙粒径和植被株径决定。
Abstract:Vegetation restoration is one of the important reasons for the decrease of sediment yield in the Loess Plateau. To explore the effect of vegetation coverage on sediment transport, the relationship between vegetation coverage and sediment transport rate was analyzed by combining the theoretical analysis and the field plot experiment. Based on the Einstein’s theory of sediment movement, the movement process of sediment particles on slope surface was analyzed theoretically from the perspective of sediment movement, and the relationship between slope relative sediment transport rate and vegetation coverage was established. The field runoff scour experiments were carried out to verify the formula. Six flow levels (flow range 0.14~1.40 L·s–1, including 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 0.83, 1.11 and 1.40 L·s–1) and eight vegetation coverage levels (0, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 100%) were set for 48 groups of experiments. The results showed that the calculated value was larger than the measured value; under the condition of large flow, the calculated value was in good agreement with the measured value; there was a certain deviation between the calculated value and the measured value under the condition of small flow. Based on the analyses of theory and test, the influence of vegetation on sediment transport capacity was related to vegetation coverage, plant diameter and sediment particle size. Under the same slope topography and vegetation coverage, the vegetation with smaller plant diameter was more beneficial to sediment reduction than the vegetation with larger plant diameter. In the area with coarser sediment particle size, the effect of slope vegetation on sediment reduction was more obvious, and the same planting only needed to reach a small coverage, then it could start to play an effective effect on sediment reduction. When the vegetation coverage was low, the coverage threshold for the effective effect of sediment reduction was determined by the particle size of sediment and the plant diameter of vegetation.
文章编号:202100643     中图分类号:TV131.2    文献标志码:
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0407801;2016YFC0402403);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51809107);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY–JBYW–2020–10)
作者简介:第一作者:孙一(1983—),男,高级工程师,博士. 研究方向:流域泥沙及河流管理. E-mail:sunyi031@163.com
引用文本:
孙一,刘晓燕,田勇,伊晓燕,王协康.坡面植被覆盖度对泥沙输移的影响特性[J].工程科学与技术,2022,54(5):12-18.
SUN Yi,LIU Xiaoyan,TIAN Yong,YI Xiaoyan,WANG Xiekang.Effects of Slope Vegetation Coverage on Sediment Transport[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2022,54(5):12-18.