Abstract:Frequent micro-seismic events or even the severely destructive earthquakes can be induced by the subsurface fluid injection or production. In this paper, the induced seismicity related with four types of classical subsurface fluid injection or production engineering projects (i.e., wastewater injection into deep wells, CO₂ geological storage, oil and gas exploitation, deep geothermal energy production) was reviewed to understand the position, occurrence time of induced seismicity, range of influence and the trigger mechanism. Furthermore, targeting at the deep geothermal energy production, the determination methods of the maximum earthquake magnitude, and the challenges in reducing the induced earthquake risks were reviewed. China is rich in deep geothermal energy, especially the reserves of hot dry rocks is considerable. Multiple geophysical observation methods, e.g., seismic, electrical and magnetic methods, can be applied to obtain the multi-scale geophysical and geological information. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations should be combined to obtain a clear understanding on the triggering mechanism of seismicity. Identification technologies of faults or concealed faults can be widely applied to reduce the destructive earthquake risks associated with the production of deep geothermal energy. For the development of high-efficiency connection control technology between injection and production wells, it is possible to develop an integrated reservoir stimulation method, i.e., alternative thermal stimulation of hot and cold water-chemical corrosion-hydraulic fracturing technology. The microseismic monitoring technology should be used to adjust the reservoir stimulation scheme in time in the field. Through the development of a series of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) pilot projects, key exploitation technologies can be obtained to ensure the safety and efficiency of the EGS project in China.