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投稿时间:2018-03-07 修订日期:2018-04-17
投稿时间:2018-03-07 修订日期:2018-04-17
中文摘要: 对震后潜在泥石流灾害进行危险性评价是灾害预测预报与防治规划的重要内容和技术基础,也是目前泥石流领域研究的薄弱环节。以汶川县为典型研究区,通过资料收集、野外考察和遥感调查,遴选出震后泥石流频次、流量和地貌信息熵3个关键指标,改进震后泥石流流量计算方法,建立DNWT模型动态监测并快速提取震后泥石流物源信息;基于此,构建评价指标体系,以小流域为评价单元,采用GIS技术和灰色系统理论与方法,建立评价模型,进行研究区震后潜在泥石流危险性评价与区划。结果表明:1)提出DNWT震后泥石流物源提取模型,能实现震后泥石流判识和崩塌滑坡及其松散堆积体等泥石流物源信息动态监测与自动提取;2)结合野外调查和泥石流物质量计算数据,采用配方法,修正了震后泥石流流量计算公式,与震前相比,堵塞系数增加1.72~3.46倍,流量呈指数增大;3)基于对研究进行小流域划分,引入地貌信息熵,简化震后泥石流危险性评价参数,实现了对子流域地貌发育阶段和沟谷危险程度的判断;4)研究区大部分泥石流沟处于中度及以上危险区,具有极大的潜在危险性,其中高、极高危险性泥石流沟89条,占泥石流总数的39.2%,主要沿岷江干流和渔子溪河谷两岸分布,为防灾减灾的重点区,且资源环境承载力低,不宜进行规模以上开发建设,需加强灾害监测预警与综合防治。研究结果可为震后泥石流遥感动态监测、定量风险评估和防灾减灾管理提供依据与参考。
Abstract:The hazard assessment on potential post-earthquake debris flows is an important task and technical basis for disaster prediction and prevention,while related research is limited.Wenchuan was taken as a typical study area.Through data collection,field investigation and remote sensing monitoring,the frequency,the flow quantity and the geomorphic information entropy of post-earthquake debris flow were selected as three key indicators for hazard assessment.Correspondingly,the discharge calculation method of post-earthquake debris flow was improved,the DNWT model was established for dynamic monitoring and quick extraction of the sources of post-earthquake debris flow,and the evaluation index systemfor debris flow hazard was set up.By means of the GIS and the grey system method,the model for evaluating the hazard of post-earthquake debris flows was established,sub-catchments were extracted and selected as hazard assessment units,and the hazard assessment on potential post-earthquake debris flows in the investigated area was conducted.The results show that:1) the proposed DNWT model for extracting debris flow sources can realize the remote sensing identification,dynamic monitoring and automatic extraction of post-earthquake debris flow sources including rockfalls,landslides and their loose accumulations;2) by combining the field investigation with debris-flow discharge calculation data,the discharge calculation formula of debris flow is corrected.The blocking factor of post-earthquake debris flow can increase 1.72-3.46 times,compare with the case before the earthquake,and its discharge increases exponentially;3) based on sub-catchments,geomorphic information entropy is introduced,and meanwhile,it simplifies parameters and procedures for hazard assessment on post-earthquake debris flows and can evaluate the development stage of landforms and the hazard degree of each catchment;4) most of the debris flows in the studied area are in the moderate,high and very high hazard zones and have great potential risks.Among them,there are 89 debris flows in high and very high hazard zones,which are distributed along the main stream of Minjiang River and the valley of Yuzi River,and these areas are crucial for debris flow prevention and mitigation.The research results are consistent with the actual situation and can provide a basis and reference for remote sensing dynamic monitoring,quantitative risk assessment and prevention and mitigation of potential post-earthquake debris flows.
keywords: post-earthquake debris flow hazard assessment source information extraction model corrected discharge calculation method Wenchuan county
文章编号:201800244 中图分类号: 文献标志码:
基金项目:交通运输部科技计划资助项目(20153161T906);岩土力学与工程安全湖南省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(16GES06)
作者简介:韩用顺(1974-),男,教授,博士.研究方向:山地灾害与3S技术及应用.E-mail:yongshunhan@126.com
引用文本:
韩用顺,王晶,吴淼,李乐林,张东水,张金平.汶川县震后潜在泥石流危险性评价研究[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(3):158-168.
HAN Yongshun,WANG Jing,WU Miao,LI Lelin,ZHANG Dongshui,ZHANG Jinping.Hazard Assessment on Potential Post-earthquake Debris Flows in Wenchuan County[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(3):158-168.
引用文本:
韩用顺,王晶,吴淼,李乐林,张东水,张金平.汶川县震后潜在泥石流危险性评价研究[J].工程科学与技术,2018,50(3):158-168.
HAN Yongshun,WANG Jing,WU Miao,LI Lelin,ZHANG Dongshui,ZHANG Jinping.Hazard Assessment on Potential Post-earthquake Debris Flows in Wenchuan County[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2018,50(3):158-168.