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投稿时间：2016-08-19 修订日期：2016-12-22
投稿时间：2016-08-19 修订日期：2016-12-22
中文摘要: 在河道中存在堆积体大尺度堆积物时，其对水流结构的影响会较丁坝等小尺度岸边结构物发生明显变化。为更深入地认识堆积体对河道水流结构、河床演变等的影响，通过系列水槽试验研究在堆积体影响下的河道3维水流结构，采用ADV测量堆积体影响河段的3维水流流速。通过分析水位及流速在横向、纵向、垂向上的分布得出：在堆积体作用下，堆积体上游段发生壅水，堆积体段水面降低，下游逐渐恢复天然状态；断面纵向最大流速从堆积体段逐渐偏向右岸，且逐渐向河床底部移动，往下游又逐渐上升并恢复至天然状态。主流受收缩加速影响，越过堆积体后，呈水跃流态。受堆积体挤压流路和水流惯性的影响，主流流速在靠近堆积体略下游位置出现最大值，中层和表层的横向流速亦在堆积体下游出现最大值，底层的横向流速在堆积体中心断面出现最大值。横向流速在堆积体段出现了正负值交替，某一水深处的流速为0，在该水深的上层，水流偏向堆积体岸流动，在该水深的下层，水流偏向右岸流动，上下层水流出现了反向流动，同时垂向流速在堆积体段也出现了正负值交替，表明在试验段水流呈类螺旋流流态。受堆积体作用，水流从表层到床面不等宽收缩，在堆积体段水流呈逆时针螺旋流与纵向水跃交互作用，水流呈复杂的3维状态。
Abstract:Flow structure will become more complex when there are large scale congeries in the river.Based on the flume experiment study,the three dimensional flow structure of river channel under the influence of congeries was studied,and the velocity was measured using the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter(ADV).The analyses of the velocity around the congeries at different plane showed that congeries led to water block at theupstream of congeries,and then waterfall.The direction of the maximum longitudinal velocity from the congeries gradually turns to the right bank and the bottom of the riverbed in the vertical,and then rise and return to the natural state at the downstream of congeries.The main stream was in hydraulic jump state affected by the shrinkage of the river section around the congeries.Under the influence of the flow area of the river section cutted down and the inertia of the flow,the maximum velocity occured in the downstream position of the congeries.Transverse velocity appeared positive and negative values in a certain depth at the section of congeries.Water flows to the left bank in the upper layer of the depth,and to the right bank in the lower layer.It occured to reverse flow in the upper and lower layers.At the same time,this phenomena also appeared in the vertical velocity.It appeared spiral flow in the test section.Du to the influence of the congeries,the flow from the surface to the bed was in different width contraction.Besides,the spiral flow interactiving with the hydraulic jump made the flow in a complicated three dimensionalstate.
文章编号：201600820 中图分类号： 文献标志码：
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（50949057;51409224）；国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2012BAB05B02）
| 作者 | 单位 |
| 黄小利 | 四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 |
| 郭志学 | 四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 |
| 李彬 | 武汉市政设计研究院成都分院 |
| 李果 | 四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室 |
| 张婧 | 西华大学 能源与动力工程学院 |
作者简介:
引用文本：
黄小利,郭志学,李彬,李果,张婧.受堆积体影响的河道3维水流结构试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(Z1):14-20.
Huang Xiaoli,Guo Zhixue,Li Bin,Li Guo,Zhang Jing.Experimental Study on Three-dimensional Flow Structure of River Channel Under the Effect of Congeries[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(Z1):14-20.
引用文本：
黄小利,郭志学,李彬,李果,张婧.受堆积体影响的河道3维水流结构试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(Z1):14-20.
Huang Xiaoli,Guo Zhixue,Li Bin,Li Guo,Zhang Jing.Experimental Study on Three-dimensional Flow Structure of River Channel Under the Effect of Congeries[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(Z1):14-20.