摘要:Abstract:Using FEM software ANSYS, the effect of small duct grouting reinforcing measures on the construction of large span shallow tunnel with small interval is analyzed. The influence of the reinforcing measures on the displacement of surrounding rocks and the initial supporting structure during construction is evaluated. The results show that, ground surface settlement and displacements of the characteristic positions of the ground decreased in a certain extent, and the maximum moment of the initial supporting structure reduces about 20%~25%. Furthermore, the reinforcing measures are very important to the stability of the surrounding rocks, especially to the middle wall, and the effect of reinforcing is embodied in the process of excavation of the lower bench. The analysis method and conclusion at present may provide some references for the design and construction of small interval tunnels.
关键词:small interval tunnel;small duct grouting;reinforcing effect;finite element method
摘要:Abstract:In order to avoid the shortcoming of lower learning efficiency, slow rate of convergence and tend to trap into local extremum of BP algorithm, the technology combined with taboo search (TS) in forward neural network is proposed for the parameters adjustment, namely parameters of neural network are guided by TS to avoid searching in local neighbor region. The method is applied to runoff prediction in Yama Du station of Yili River in Xinjiang, and is compared with traditional BP algorithm.Results show that forward neural network based on TS not only increases the algorithm efficiency, but also improves the forecasting precision.
摘要:Abstract:Direct shear test is a traditional method for the measure of coarse grained soils strength indexes, but the testing apparatus has significant technical defects,which not only cause shear area gradually reducing, the center position of shear surface gradually offsetting, with the occurrence and development of shear displacement, but also normal stress increasing and irregularly distributing on shear surface. In order to overcome these defects, a new direct shear testing apparatus for large coarse grained soils was developed, by using the framework of gear and rack to fix the position of shear area, and by using equalizing technic of linear ratio pressure adjustment to keep the normal stress from varying.
摘要:Abstract:The rise and decline of braided reach and the fluvial process of continent and shoal are closely related to the characteristics of hydraulic and sediment transport. The paper focuses on the Shashi reach, a typical multi branched meandering reach in the middle Yangtze River. Firstly, based on a large amount of field data, the evolution feature of this reach is analyzed in natural condition. Then, according to the effect of Three Gorge Project(TGP) on flow and sediment process, the trend of geomorphology change is predicted. Finally, based on the analysis above and the change character of flow & sediment, a depth averaged 2-D flow and sediment numerical model is developed and applied to predict the further details of possible adjustments due to flow and sediment regulation after the TGP impoundment for 20 years. The results show that the fluvial process in the reach is closely related to the characteristics of flow and sediment transportation. The numerical model can simulate the characteristics of flow & sediment transportation and the rule of bars movement well. The prediction result is reasonable. The information provided in the paper is practical and helpful in the research on other multi-branched meandering reach in the middle Yangtze River after Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment.
摘要:Abstract:The paper combines artificial neural networks (ANNs) with Kalman filter real time adjustment technique in order to improve traditional ANNs model. The weights are trained by Kalman filter real time adjustment technique in the process of sample training, and then the weights are used for check.One case is flow forecasting for upper reach of Minjing River at Zipingpu station by using the method proposed in the paper, and the results are compared with single ANNs model and single Kalman filter model. The results show if Kalman filter technique is used in estimating networks weights,hydrologic forecast accuracy may be improved.
摘要:Abstract:A series tests had been conducted to study the safety performance of a new type plug-in steel-tube scaffold system, including tests of connecting reliability of plug in, semi-rigid behavior of joint, basic unit mechanic behavior and four pieces of full-scale outdoor scaffold. The results indicate that the plug-in is stable and can not slide upward under usual work state, the joint is safe and should not fracture prior to steel tube. The joint rigidity can affects load-carrying capacity evidently and it is unsafe if a large connecting rigidity is adopted in calculation.A suggested joint rigidity was given. It will be safe and has a large load-carrying capacity if the suggested semi-rigid model and safety factor are used in calculation.
摘要:Abstract:Mountain river’s beds are usually covered by armor layer. In this paper, the flume experiments are conducted to study the critical condition of armor layer’s breakage, by the increasing intensity of flow with a little range in the experiment. The experiments’result indicates that the armor layer could not be broken until the intensity of flow incerases to a certain degree. As to the sediment used in the paper’s experiment, only the bed shear stress increases to1.2 times of the bed shear stress of incipient armor layer, that the armor layer is broken. The structure of bed armor layer has important influence to the bed shear stress of armor layer.
关键词:breakage of armor layer;intensity of flow;bed shear stress;bed-load transport rate
摘要:Abstract:In order to make the 3D CD equation to maintain auto up-wind and skew up-wind under high Reynolds number, on the basis of 2D scheme, this paper focuses on development of difference scheme of 3D non-liner convection item. Exponent function is used as the weighted coefficient of auto up-wind, and the irrational case some grid point gained absolute advantage is not formed. When the velocities of every direction are not equal, the primary flow velocity and weighted coefficients are received. Weighted coefficients of 27 points’ scheme are obtained from center points of face to middle ones of edge to corner ones via geometrical transformation of space. It takes into account the effect of corner points, so it kept auto up wind. It is compared with FA method and results show the scheme can’t change to simple up-wind by the increasing of Reynolds number. It can be applied to the solution of fluid-flow, temperature and concentration problems.
关键词:convection and diffusion;auto up-wind;skew up-wind;high Reynolds number
摘要:Abstract:To quantitatively conduct typical landslide hazard degree assessment, this article set up an index system by the intensity factors and probability factors of landslide. Based on information entropy method, subjective weight is calculated by 24 typical landslides in Fengjie County, Three Gorges, and a quantitative typical landslide hazard degree assessment model is established. Then this model is used in evaluating the hazard degree of the landslides in Fengjie County, the results are confirmed through field investigation and the accurate rate reaches 87.5%. Consequently this model can carry on the promoted utilization as a new method and provides a basis for warning and control of typical landslide.
关键词:information entropy;typical landslide;hazard degree assessment;Fengjie County
摘要:Abstract:The day-flow prediction result in MISO of BP ANN with NLP is mainly determined by transfer combination of series. The same transfers with similar characteristic are better than different transfers of series . This paper predicted in 7 cases of MISO with daily runoff of Yangshuo, Gongcheng and Pingle Station in Guangxi province during 1973~2001. The results show that eligibility ratio of relative error in 10%, in 20% and in 30% by NLP are averagely 17.87%, 15.85% and 8.29% more than LP respectively, that eligibility ratio of relative error in 10%, in 20% and in 30% by same NLP combination were averagely 3.52%, 2.19% and 1.24% more than by different NLP combination respectively.
摘要:Abstract:The vortex core radius is a radius at the maximum tangential velocity in the vortex flow field.As the vortex motion is complex,it is difficult to determine the vortex core radius by the measurement of the tangential velocity in the whole flow field.Besides,other determinations methods lead to some discrepancies.In this paper,an indirect determination method is proposed. The vortex core radius is calculated by an easily determined characteristic parameter, i.e.The distance from the position of the maximum water surface curvature to the vortex symmetry axis. A order tenth implicit equation between the vortex core radius and the parameter is deduced, and the unique root of the equation is discussed.According to the solution of the equation, a dimensionless curve between the two parameters is plotted.With the proposed method,the vortex core radius is determined by the vortex water surface profile
摘要:Abstract:To realize the simultaneous determination of silicate and phosphate, various parameters, such as maximum wavelength, concentration of ammonium molybdate, reaction temperature, reaction coil length, acidity of masking reagent, have been optimized and a flow injection spectrophotometric system was developed based on molybdenum yellow method and reaction difference rate. The system has simple and rapid testing procedure, good reproducibility, and can been used for the development of an on line phosphate and silicate analyzer. Determination ranges of the system are 0.05~30 mg/L for phosphate and 0.1~30 mg/L for silicate. Relative standard deviations for metasilicate and orthophosphate were ≤ 1.2% and 0.9%, respectively. Recovery ranges of silicate and phosphate in the samples are 98%~103%. Sampling frequency of the method is 60~120 samples/h. It has been used successfully to determine silicate and phosphate in boiler water at power plants.
摘要:Abstract:A sequencing batch membrane bioreactor with polymer microcarriers was introduced to treat synthetic organic wastewater and industrial wastewater containing toluene and xylene. The removal effect of pollutants and the influence factors of membrane fouling were observed. The results showed that when the synthetic organic wastewater with the influent COD concentration of 218~1003 mg/L and NH3-N concentration of 24~96 mg/Lwas treated , the removal rates of COD and NH3-N were 87%~99% and 65%~99%, respectively; when industrial wastewater with the influent COD concentration of 174~709 mg/L and NH3-N concentration of 18~63 mg/L was treated, the removal rates of COD and NH3-N were 60%~96% and 72%~94%, respectively. It was found that, there was not significant membrane fouling when the MLSS concentration was under 19.28 g/L after polymer microcarriers were put into the MBR. Continuous suction impelled faster growth of transmembrane pressure difference, which accelerated membrane pollution. The operations of sequencing batch MBR with polymer microcarriers were studied, which provided the basis for practical application of this new pattern MBR.
摘要:Abstract:The effect of incubation conditions on the solid fermentation of herb residues by Trichoderma koningii is studied, and the optimal fermentation condition is determined by orthogonal test. On the basis of single strain fermentation, the co-fermentation by Trichoderma koningii and Candida utilis was also investigated. The results show that the solid state fermentation of herb residues by Trichoderma koningii to produce protein feedstuff is feasible. The content of real protein increases from 11.12% to 17.80% while the content of crude fiber decreases from 29.14% to 17.50% in the herb residues under the optimal condition, i.e., ammonia sulfate 30 mg /g dry herb residues, initial pH 4.0, the ratio of solid to liquid 1∶2, fermentation period 4 days.
摘要:Abstract:The natural vermiculite supplied from Weili miner of Xinjiang was submitted to an nitric acid treatment followed by calcinations, oxalic acid treatment, and sodium form by ion exchange, which results in the increase of the framework Si/Al ratio, the reduction of the layer charge density, and the conversion of the vermiculite into a form of sodium vermiculite. Then the Al pillared vermiculite was obtained by contact with the aluminum pillaring solution. Furthermore, phosphate sorption experiments were carried out for Al-pillared vermiculite under different conditions to investigate its sorption behaviors and mechanisms. The phosphate sorption maxima for the Al-pillared vermiculite are 98.0 % at pH3. Pseudo second order model can best describe the reaction rate, and the adsorption capacity calculated by the model is consistent with that actual measurement for Al-pillared vermiculite, which the correlation coefficient(R2)is 0.9961. The experimental data with phosphate concentrations from 0.5 to 5.0 mmol·L-1 follow Langmiur isotherm model for Al-pillared vermiculite. The increase of temperature from 10 ℃ to 60 ℃ increased the sorption of Pb(II), which indicates that the adsorption process is endothermic. The adsorption enthalpy is 5.583 kJ·mol-1, the entropy is 52.59 J·mol-1·K-1, and the free energy is –9.290 (10 ℃), -10.40 (30 ℃), -11.06 (45 ℃), -11.96 (60 ℃) kJ·mol-1 respectively.
摘要:Abstract:The static and dynamic rheological behaviors for blends of collagen (COL) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were investigated by a coaxial viscometer and an dynamic rhemeter with cone/plate system. The influences of temperature, blend ratio and solid content on the flow curves were discussed. It was found that the PVA/COL blends belonge to the pseudo plastic liquids and the degree of deviation to Newtonian fluid has relation with the composition and solid content of the blends. Collagen was the dominant content in the rheological behaviors of PVA/COL blends. It seemed collagen and its blends behaved similarly, such as dominate elastic appearance (G′>G″), the similar shear thinning behavior and the nearly same thermal denaturation. The denaturation temperature for 80/20 (PVA/COL) blend with fine fluidity was about 2 ℃ higher than that for pure collagen alone. The contribution of solid content to the viscoelastic properties was mainly increasing the elasticity of PVA/COL blends . The PVA/COL blends with higher solid content showed more dominant elastic property as well as the more stable flow structure than that with lower solid content.
摘要:Abstract:Wool woven fabric was dyed for 120 min with N, N-dimethyl-p-aminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) or N, N-diethyl-p-aminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) at 60 ℃ and acidic condition, and then oxidized with H2O2 for 60 min, respectively. Some factors affecting process such as the concentration of DMAB, H2O2 and HCl were investigated with respect to color strength and characteristics. Additionally, dyeing fastness and breaking strength of dyed wool fabrics were also evaluated. The results indicated that increasing concentration of DMAB or HCl in dyeing bath caused a significant enhance in color strength (K/S) and chroma. There is the linear relationship between concentration of DMAB or HCl in dyeing bath and K/S value. The K/S value and chroma were improved by increasing concentration of H2O2 and HCl in oxidation bath, but decreased when H2O2 concentration was above 0.175%(wt). Moreover, wool woven fabrics dyed with two aromatic aldehydes have high soaping and rubbing fastness as well as breaking strength.
摘要:Abstract:Phosphorylated-amine resin compound (MDFP) was synthesized by melamine ,dicyanodiamide ,formaldehyde and phosphoric acid. It can be used as a intercalation agent to exchange the inorganic cations which were absorbed in the interlayers of the natural montmorillonite(MMT) and the OMMT modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB). By optimizing reaction conditions ( reaction time, temperature and proportion of MMT), a series of montmorillonite clay amino resin nano composite materials with different interlayer space were prepared and identified by X ray diffraction and infrared spectra. The results show that the intercalation agent of amino resin intercalated into the layers of MMT。The optimal reaction conditions of preparing the nano composites were the mass ratio of MMT less than 10% under 50 ~70 ℃ for 4 hours. Leather application experiments indicate that the materials have good retanning and filling properties and functions of flame retardant.
摘要:Abstract:Porous nanosized CHA/β-TCP biphasic bioceramics were prepared by microwave plasma sintering in a wet carbon dioxide atmosphere to improve its biological and mechanical performance. Through the optimization of sintering parameters including the sintering temperature and the holding time, porous bioceramics with average crystal size of 92nm, porosity of 55.9%, CO32- content of 4wt% and compressive strength of 13.7MPa were obtained. The comparison between conventional sintered specimens and microwave plasma sintered specimens showed that the latter exhibit smaller crystal size and higher carbonate content and compressive strength. Microwave plasma sintering is a promising method of preparing nanosized bioceramics.
摘要:Abstract:Intermetallic compound Cu9Al4、CuAl2 and Cu4Al nanoparticle were prepared by flow levitation method. The morphologies, granularities and structures of particles were investigated by TEM, XRD techniques. The analysis indicated that the grain size of these nanopowder is about 20~60 nm, and it can be controlled availably by altering procedure parameters. The structure of powder is mainly double phase IMC-Al particulate composite. In addition, there are certain corresponding relation between the compositions of evaporate source master material and phase composition of alloy compound nanoparticle. The expected nanoparticle, which is mainly composition of nanocrystalline intermetallic compound, can be obtained through changing the compositions of evaporating source master material.
摘要:Abstract:To improve the performance of the firewall in which two Ethernet cards transmit mutually receiving packets, a new method for getting the information of the Ethernet card,which was used to send a packet,was presented after the analysis of receiving, transmitting and the Netfilter. Based on this method, two kinds of transparent firewall, state inspection and simple packet filtering, were implemented. The test results showed that, compared with the transparent firewalls which are based on Linux bridge and Netfilter, the process of forwarding and filtering in these two firewalls is more efficient.
摘要:Abstract:In order to promote the security of multi-users access, the properties of the BLP model, Biba model and RBAC model were given, and the problems of data write/read operation and data transmission in the security architecture of application area boundary were described. To solve the problems, the rules of creating objects, creating subjects and sending/receiving data in transmission were presented, and the rationality and security of the rules were proved formally. It was showed that the security architecture model of application area boundary, which was made of the rules is security.
摘要:Abstract:To solve the problems of relationship between efficiency and security in traditional WWW intrusion tolerant system, a multilevel intrusion toleration mechanism was proposed. First, each web document had corresponding security level which was classified by its size and sensitivity. The initial grading factor was specified and dynamically adjusted by the security risks of web documents. Additionally, by the coefficient of Logistic equation, the uncertainty and initial value sensitivity of chaotic system was used to generate the chaotic fragment and its signature according to the initial grading factor. Even if the integrity of the web documnet requested by user was destroyed, the mechanism can also trigger a series of intrusion toleration oprarions include detecting the intrusion, denying the invalid access, alerting and renewing the system, etc. Because the chaotic intial value was produced randomly and chaotic system had character of initial value sensitivity, the chaotic fragment according to the chaotic intial value was uncertain. The invader was difficult to forged the signature of the chaotic fragment. The experiments showed that the security mechanism can carry a better balance between security and efficiency.
摘要:Abstract:In order to improve the efficiency of GEP in function finding,a novel concept named Naǐve Gene Expression Programming(NGEP) and the concept of atomic gene fragments to preserve good genes were proposed.Gene transplant was introduced and the prototype of NGEP system was implemented. Extensive experiments showed that the convergence speed of NGEP is as 2-4 times as that in the standard GEP.
关键词:Gene Expression Programming(GEP);data structure of binary tree;automatic modeling;atomic gene fragments
摘要:Abstract:To fully ensure security and satisfies robustness and invisibility, a multi embedding watermarking algorithm in the cellular automata domain was presented. Taking the advantage of complexity and flexibility of cellular automata’s dynamical features, a long key vector was designed. This key vector was used to encrypt watermark and perform cellular automata transforms on each block. The encrypted watermark was embedded into image blocks according to the texture masking feature. The extracting strategy doesn’t need original image. The experimental results indicated that the proposed method is robust, secure and invisible.
摘要:Abstract:Image Projection Information Model, based on the features of close-shot images of ITS,was proposed. According to the validity of the information of images, the definition of ill conditioned image was given. The method of recognition of ill conditioned images were presented based on Image Projection Information Model. The experiments showed the method validation and generalization.
关键词:ill-conditioned image;image information model;ITS(Intelligent Transportation Systems)
摘要:Abstract:In oreder to prolonge the lifetime and reduce the energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks,a energy efficient task allocation method oriented to layer structure and multi hop sensor network was proposed based on the task allocation in the wireless sensor networks. This method described a cost function based on entropy theory according to energy consumption, residual energy, and the states of each individual node. Particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to optimize dynamic task allocation.Meanwhile, the tasks can be dynamic adjusted due to sensor network changing.The simulation results showed that the execution time and energy consumption can be decreased, the lifetime of wireless sensor network is prolonged with the proposed method.
摘要:Abstract:For detecting and solving the feature interaction (FI) problem in component composition,a Petri net model of component was proposed and the formal definitions of three component composition mechanisms were given. Based on the analysis of feature interaction problems probably appearing in each of three composition mechanisms, a Petri net based method was proposed to detect feature interaction. The method adopted different formal detection rules to different composition mechanisms. The case study showed that the method can effectively and efficiently detect the feature interaction and then help solving the feature interaction problem in component composition.
关键词:component composition;feature interaction;Petri net
摘要:Abstract:This paper introduced a new cross-layer hybrid metric for ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing in WMN,based on the information obtained from wireless channel conditions from physical layer and link quality and congestion from MAC layer. Simulation results demonstrated that the new metric can greatly improve AODV routing performance in terms of end to end delay and throughput in contrast to the traditional metric of minimum hop.
摘要:Abstract:Through periodically evolving key, intrusion resilient technique can powerfully defend the threat of key exposure.A new tree based intrusion resilient signature scheme (TBIRS) was proposed, and the correctness and security of TBIRS were testified. In the TBIRS, the pre order traversal of binary tree was applied to the key updating, random number was adopted in the key refreshing and the leaves were time periods. As compared with the most secure SiBIR scheme to date, TBIRS can achieve the same key security, but the algorithm complexity reduces from O(N) to O(logN).
摘要:Abstract:Aimed at unavoidable air disturbing in locale large size object measurement, a methodwhich uses wavefront sensor and image restoration to restore the image of laser beam reflected by target lens, and revise large size object measurement and collimation results to fit the measurement requirement was proposed. The experiment result showed that this method can effectively eliminate image dithering and distortion caused by air disturbing,and the precision of measurement and measurement scale can be improved.
摘要:Abstract:In the process of choosing grinding parameters using the method of the artificial neural networks, an improved GCAQBP algorithm on the basis of the BP algorithm was used to establish the mathematical model. The material and granularity of the grinding wheel were considered as the input parameters of the artificial neural networks, and the encoding of the input parameters was refined. Test results showed that the correct rate was more than 80 percent,compared with the traditional method.
摘要:Abstract:Based on product configuration design for MC, the model of component attribute index was designed on the subclass of product multi-dimensional information. The matching method for XML based component query and attribute similarity algorithm was presented. The soft plug-in based virtual describing method of customization product was brought forward, and a prototype system of product simulation was developed for lathe. The application showed that the needed component could be checked out effectively, and the configuration option could be modified dynamically by customer. Then much more design cases could be visually estimated. So that it provided the designer with effective the configuration design, and made for the consistency of the design with requirement.
摘要:Abstract:Similar case retrieving is one of key technologies in based case reasoning system. In order to improve the retrieving efficiency, a method of transferring closed-package-based fuzzy pre-classification for design scheme was proposed. For calculating the fuzzy similarity more accurately, by taking into account of the factors of environment and weight, a method of grey relation degree-based building fuzzy-similar matrix was put forward and its calculation step was given. Then fuzzy clustering of design schemes can be achieved by changing the decision making matrix into fuzzy-similar matrix and changing the fuzzy-similar matrix into fuzzy-equivalent matrix. A case study showed that the proposed method can give the similarity between design schemes and the classified process, and can provide a dynamic searching scope and a better data basis for similar design case retrieving.