Significance

Bank collapse is a common form of natural evolution in alluvial river channels

prevalent across nearly all river and coastal areas worldwide. It represents a critical issue in river geomorphology evolution and its impacts. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are particularly susceptible to bank collapse

which poses significant threats to flood control

navigational channels

and the normal operation of economic

infrastructure along the river

as well as the safety of human lives and property. The construction and operation of hydraulic projects

such as the Three Gorges Reservoir

have notably altered the water and sediment dynamics in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years

these changes have led to continuous channel erosion

localized river channel adjustments

and frequent bank collapses. Over the past two decades

more than 1000 bank collapse incidents have been recorded

totaling a cumulative length of 760 km

causing various adverse impacts. Despite extensive research and remediation efforts

the complexity of the influencing factors

the intricate mechanisms of bank collapse

and its hidden

sudden

and random nature continue to present significant challenges for early warning and prevention. Therefore

it is necessary and urgent to conduct in-depth research on the mechanism of bank collapse

monitoring and early warning technology

and system governance in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under the new hydrological and sediment conditions.

Progress

This study adopts a comprehensive approach encapsulated in the theme "Mechanism Revelation - Extensive Screening - Intervention Monitoring - Multi-scale Early Warning - Systematic Prevention and Control" to address key scientific and technical issues. The research focuses on the mechanisms of bank collapse under flow-solid coupling

intelligent hazard screening

real-time sensing of riverbank soil

bank collapse simulation and early warning technologies

and the development of systematic prevention and control technologies integrating river channel control measures. Regarding mechanism revelation

the study employs data analysis

numerical simulation

and flume experiments to elucidate the relationship between river channel changes and bank collapse dynamics under continuous erosion conditions. For perception and screening

remote sensing interpretation

data fusion

and machine learning methods are used to e

stablish and demonstrate intelligent screening technologies for bank collapse hazards based on multi-source information fusion from "air

space

and ground." In intelligent monitoring

the study integrates stereoscopic monitoring

data analysis

and technical integration methods to form and demonstrate a comprehensive intelligent monitoring network and integrated equipment for riverbank slopes. For prediction and early warning

the study develops a multi-scale universal model and dynamic early warning technology system for bank collapse prediction using coupled simulation

statistical analysis

and machine learning. In systematic prevention and control

data analysis

flume experiments

and theoretical research are used to propose and demonstrate bank collapse prevention and control technologies coupled with river channel control measures. The innovations of this research are primarily reflected in the novel approach to bank collapse mechanism studies

focusing on the dynamic response relationship between river channel changes and bank collapse under discontinuous bank protection conditions; innovative implementation of bank collapse screening technologies; the integration of multi-source heterogeneous information from "air

space

and ground" for intelligent hazard screening; advancements in bank collapse monitoring technologies

including the development of real-time sensing equipment for monitoring key influencing factors; and innovations in bank collapse simulation and early warning technologies

establishing a universal multi-scale dynamic early warning platform.

Conclusions and Prospects

The study aims to reveal the driving factors and intrinsic mechanisms of bank collapse in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River under continuous erosion conditions

develop key technologies for intelligent hazard perception

early warning

and prevention and control of bank collapse

and achieve intelligent screening

multi-factor monitoring

dynamic early warning

and systematic prevention and cont

rol of bank collapse hazards. The research outcomes will guide the planning

design

and implementation of river channel management in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

and facilitate the construction and application of a dynamic early warning platform for bank collapse in key areas along the river. This will provide robust scientific support for decision-making by basin authorities

significantly enhance the predictability and management of bank collapse in the middle and lower Yangtze River

promote the overall improvement of bank collapse hazard prevention and control

and advance flood control and disaster reduction technologies. The study will facilitate a shift from post-disaster rescue to pre-disaster prevention

providing technological support for river system management and water security enhancement

yielding significant economic

social

and ecological benefits with extensive application value and broad promotion prospects.