Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs

Dai Jie; Wang Hongyu; Wang Kang; Mao Jingqiao; Gong Yiqing; Jin Cheng; Hu Yi

doi:null

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs

更新时间：2025-10-30

- Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs
- Advanced Engineering Sciences Pages: 1-12(2025)
- 作者机构：
  
  1.河海大学水利水电学院，江苏南京 210098
  2.河海大学水科学研究院，江苏南京 211106
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：
  CLC： TV131.2
- Published Online：29 October 2025，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
戴杰,王洪宇,王康等.生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究[J].工程科学与技术,

Dai Jie,Wang Hongyu,Wang Kang,et al.Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,
戴杰,王洪宇,王康等.生态透水型鱼礁关键结构参数对水力特性与流场效应的影响研究[J].工程科学与技术, DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202500741.

Dai Jie,Wang Hongyu,Wang Kang,et al.Effects of Key Structural Parameters on the Hydraulic Characteristics and Flow Field of Eco-Permeable Artificial Reefs[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences, DOI：10.12454/j.jsuese.202500741.XXXX,XX(XX):1‒12.

摘要

生态透水鱼礁作为河湖生态修复和鱼类生境营造的重要措施，能够通过透水孔洞调节流场效应，促进鱼类聚集与庇护，并为水生植物提供附着基底。然而，传统迎流面透水率

设计指标难以全面反映鱼礁3维几何特征对流场及生态效应的综合影响。为此，本文用大涡模拟方法（LES）构建立方体人工鱼礁数值模型，并结合实验数据对模型准确性进行验证，进一步分析孔隙率

、表面积比

和迎流面透水率

对人工鱼礁的上升流、背涡流、再循环区特性、瞬时流场结构和流场效应的影响。结果表明，高孔隙率降低了上升流、背涡流和再循环区的几何尺度，鱼礁内部中空化提升

可恢复上升流、背涡流和再循环区的规模；生态透水孔洞破坏上游马蹄涡的完整性并抑制了地面涡的生成，高孔隙率降低了人工鱼礁周围涡旋结构的强度与尺度；上升流与背涡体积随孔隙率

呈非单调变化，中等孔隙率

（0.2～0.6）表现更优；表面积比

与水力体积呈显著正相关，提升

可显著提高人工鱼礁的生态水力效应。本研究为人工鱼礁优化设计、生态栖息地修复和渔业资源增殖提供了可量化的理论依据与工程参考。

Abstract

Objective

This study aimed to address the limitation of using only frontal permeability (

) as a design index for eco-permeable artificial reefs. A single permeability metric cannot fully capture the influence of three-dimensional reef geometry on local flow fields and ecological functions. Therefore

key structural parameters includi

ng porosity (

) and surface-area ratio (

) were introduced in addition to

. The objective was to quantify how variations in

and

affect reef-induced flow patterns (the upwelling flow above the reef

the wake vortex in its lee

and the downstream recirculation zone) to inform optimized reef design for habitat restoration.

Methods

A numerical model of a cubic artificial reef was developed using large-eddy simulation (LES) to resolve the transient flow structures around the reef. The LES approach was chosen for its ability to capture flow separation and vortex shedding that simpler Reynolds-averaged methods cannot reproduce. The model's accuracy was first validated against laboratory experiments to ensure that key flow features (upwelling region

wake vortices

recirculation zone) were correctly simulated. Following validation

six reef configurations were then simulated under steady approach-flow conditions. These cases varied the reef's porosity

(from 0 for a solid reef up to a high value for a highly permeable reef)

the surface-area ratio

(adjusted by adding internal hollow sections)

and the frontal permeability

(the opening ratio of the reef's front face). For each scenario

velocity fields and coherent vortex structures were obtained

and the resulting upwelling

wake

and recirculation characteristics were compared across cases.

Results and Discussions

At zero porosity (a solid reef)

a strong upwelling zone and pronounced wake vortex formed along with an extensive downstream recirculation region. As porosity increased

more flow passed through the reef

diminishing the blockage effect and weakening these flow structures. A very high porosity (

≈0.90) drastically reduced the extent of the upwelling

wake

and recirculation zones. H

owever

introducing internal hollows (thus raising

) compensated for these losses. Reefs with higher

had larger upwelling and wake regions than those with comparable

but lower

indicating that added internal surface area helped restore the flow disturbance and energy dissipation capacity of the reef.Permeable openings also influenced vortex dynamics around the reef. At low or zero porosity

a classic horseshoe vortex formed in front of the reef and a ground-attached vortex developed downstream near the base. Moderate to high porosity fragmented the upstream horseshoe vortex and suppressed the downstream ground vortex. At very high porosity

only small

weak vortices persisted around the reef. Thus

adding permeability introduced more complex internal flows

but too much permeability reduced the reef's ability to generate strong vortices in its wake. In contrast

the surface-area ratio

showed a strong positive correlation with beneficial flow effects. A larger surface area consistently yielded greater upwelling and wake volumes: the case with the highest

(1.42) produced about 17% more upwelling and wake volume than the baseline solid reef

whereas the lowest S (0.74) resulted in only about 60% of the baseline volume. Even at a given moderate

increasing S significantly enhanced the flow field. For example

raising

by about 21% (from 1.416 to 1.714) led to approximately a 13% increase in both upwelling and wake volumes despite an accompanying rise in porosity. These results highlight that expanding the reef's surface area (e.g.

through internal chambers or roughness elements) can offset some negative effects of high porosity and improve the overall hydrodynamic performance. The effects of frontal permeability

mirrored those of porosity. A moderate frontal opening (

around 9%) yielded the strong

est upwelling and recirculation zones

while both lower and higher

resulted in weaker flow disturbances. This finding reinforces the existence of an optimal permeability level: enough openings to induce diverse flow patterns

but not so many that the reef's influence is diminished.

关键词

Keywords

references

Zarfl C , Lumsdon A E , Berlekamp J , et al . A global boom in hydropower dam construction [J ] . Aquatic Sciences , 2015 , 77 ( 1 ): 161 - 170 . DOI: 10.1007/s00027-014-0377-0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00027-014-0377-0 .

Gao X , Lin P , Li M , et al . Impact of the Three Gorges Dam on the spawning stock and natural reproduction of Chinese sturgeon in Changjiang River, China [J ] . Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , 2016 , 34 ( 5 ): 894 - 901 . DOI: 10.1007/s00343-016-5027-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00343-016-5027-z .

Wang X C , Peng Z H , Wan Y , Zhang S S , et al . Flow characteristics of triangular prism artificial fish reef in upper waterway of Yangtze River [J ] . Port & Waterway Engineering , 2024 , 12 : 152 - 159, 205 .

王兴超 , 彭志豪 , 万宇 , 等 . 长江上游航道三棱柱式人工鱼礁流场特性研究 [J ] . 水运工程 , 2024 , ( 12 ): 152 - 159, 205 .

Yang Q , Ding Q Q , Peng J H , Shi F , Yang Z , Zheng Z W . Use of artificial fish nests to improve fish reproduction in Taohua River [J ] . Journal of Hydroecology , 2022 , 43 ( 5 ): 83 - 88 .

杨晴 , 丁庆秋 , 彭建华 , 等 . 桃花河人工鱼巢增殖效果研究 [J ] . 水生态学杂志 , 2022 , 43 ( 5 ): 83 - 88 .

Pan P , Li Y F , Li X H . Effect evaluation of artificial fishnest on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Xijiang River [J ] . Freshwater Fisheries , 2016 , 46 ( 6 ): 45 - 49 .

潘澎 , 李跃飞 , 李新辉 . 西江人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼效果评估 [J ] . 淡水渔业 , 2016 , 46 ( 6 ): 45 - 49 .

Pan Y , Tong H , Wei D , et al . Review of structure types and new development prospects of artificial reefs in China [J ] . Frontiers in Marine Science , 2022 , 9 : 853452 . DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.853452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.853452 .

Jiao L , Zhang Y X , Guo P H , et al . Numerical simulation and PIV experimental study of the effect of flow fields around tube artificial reefs [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2017 , 134 : 96 - 104 . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.02.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.02.016 .

Shu A P , Qin J P , Sun T , et al . Discussion on water and sediment dynamic characteristics and layout optimization of typical artificial reefs in Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea [J ] . Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 2022 , 53 ( 1 ): 43 - 53, 67 .

舒安平 , 秦际平 , 孙涛 , 等 . 渤海辽东湾典型人工鱼礁区域水沙动力特征与格局优化探讨 [J ] . 水利学报 , 2022 , 53 ( 1 ): 43 - 53, 67 .

Tang Y L , Long X Y , Wang X X , Jiang Z Y , Cheng H , Zhang T Z . Comparative analysis on flow field effect of general artificial reefs in China [J ] . Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 2017 , 33 ( 8 ): 97 - 103 .

唐衍力 , 龙翔宇 , 王欣欣 , 等 . 中国常用人工鱼礁流场效应的比较分析 [J ] . 农业工程学报 , 2017 , 33 ( 8 ): 97 - 103 .

Liu T L , Su D T . Numerical analysis of the influence of reef arrangements on artificial reef flow fields [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2013 , 74 : 81 - 89 . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.07.004 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.07.004 .

Yu D Y , Yang Y H , Li Y J . Research on hydrodynamic characteristics and stability of artificial reefs with different opening ratios [J ] . Periodical of Ocean University of China , 2019 , 49 ( 4 ): 128 - 136 .

于定勇 , 杨远航 , 李宇佳 . 不同开口比人工鱼礁体水动力特性及礁体稳定性研究 [J ] . 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版) , 2019 , 49 ( 4 ): 128 - 136 .

Yang W , Lin J , Tang J J , Yang G L . Numerical simulation of the flow retarding effect of large-scale permeable artificial reefs [J ] . Journal of Fisheries of China , 2022 , 46 ( 12 ): 2366 - 2382 .

杨伟 , 林军 , 唐建江 , 等 . 规模化透水性人工鱼礁阻流效应的数值模拟 [J ] . 水产学报 , 2022 , 46 ( 12 ): 2366 - 2382 .

Kuang C P , Zheng Y H , Gu J , Han X J , et al . Simulation methods of inner flow field and flow characteristics induced by perforated reef-type breakwater [J ] . Journal of Tongji University , 2023 , 51 ( 7 ): 1073 - 1084 .

匡翠萍 , 郑宇华 , 顾杰 , 等 . 透水鱼礁型潜堤内部流场及绕流特性模拟 [J ] . 同济大学学报(自然科学版) , 2023 , 51 ( 7 ): 1073 - 1084 .

Yang T R , Yang G , Jia R , et al . The study on the impact of artificial reef flow field on the swimming hydrodynamics of typical fish species in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River [J/OL ] . Advanced Engineering Sciences , 2024 : 1 - 16 .

杨腾锐 , 杨光 , 贾瑞 , 等 . 人工鱼礁流场对长江上游典型鱼类游泳水动力影响研究 [J/OL ] . 工程科学与技术 , 2024 : 1 - 16 .

Du P , Ouahsine A . Application of CFD Simulations to Marine Hydrodynamic Problems [J ] . Journal of Marine Science and Engineering , 2025 , 13 ( 7 ): 1212 . DOI: 10.3390/jmse13071212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse13071212 .

Leftheriotis G A , Sibetheros I A , Dimas A A . Large-eddy simulation of the turbulent oscillatory flow around an artificial reef [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2025 , 318 : 120142 . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.120142 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2024.120142 .

Ouro P , Juez C , Franca M . Drivers for mass and momentum exchange between the main channel and river bank lateral cavities [J ] . Advances in Water Resources , 2020 , 137 : 103511 . DOI: 10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103511 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103511 .

Dai J , Xu Q , Gong Y , et al . An LES investigation of flow field around the cuboid artificial reef at different angles of attack [J ] . Journal of Marine Science and Engineering , 2025 , 13 ( 3 ): 463 . DOI: 10.3390/jmse13030463 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030463 .

Gao H , Gong Y Q , Mao J Q , et al . Study on hydrodynamic characteristics of continuous distribution vegetation patches based on LES [J ] . Advanced Engineering Sciences , 2025 , 57 ( 3 ): 184 - 191 .

高欢 , 龚轶青 , 毛劲乔 , 等 . 基于LES的连续分布植物斑块水动力特性研究 [J ] . 工程科学与技术 , 2025 , 57 ( 3 ): 184 - 191 .

Gong Y , Stoesser T , Mao J , et al . LES of flow through and around a finite patch of thin plates [J ] . Water Resources Research , 2019 , 55 ( 9 ): 7587 - 7605 . DOI: 10.1029/2018WR023462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023462 .

Dai J , Mao J , Gong Y , et al . Effect of triangular baffle designs on flow dynamics and sediment transport within standard box culverts [J ] . Journal of Hydrodynamics , 2024 , 36 ( 6 ): 1142 - 1154 . DOI: 10.1007/s42241-025-0102-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42241-025-0102-6 .

Hong H , Dai J , Gu J C , et al . Study of hydraulic characteristics of fish-friendly water channel based on large-eddy simulation [J/OL ] . Water Resources and Power , 2025 , 9 : 56 - 59 .

洪浩 , 戴杰 , 顾家丞 , 等 . 基于大涡模拟的鱼类友好型过水通道水力特性研究 [J/OL ] . 水电能源科学 , 2025 , ( 9 ): 56 - 59 .

Zhao J , Whittaker C , Melville B . The effects of structural complexity on the turbulent structure around cubic artificial reefs with multiscale cavities [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2025 , 334 : 121594 . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121594 .

Vui Chua K , Fraga B , Stoesser T , et al . Effect of bridge abutment length on turbulence structure and flow through the opening [J ] . Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 2019 , 145 ( 6 ): 04019024 . DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001591 .

Bomminayuni S , Stoesser T . Turbulence statistics in an open-channel flow over a rough bed [J ] . Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , 2011 , 137 ( 11 ): 1347 - 1358 . DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000454 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000454 .

Tan S F , Wang X Z , Zhang M L , et al . Flow field effect of cuboid frame artificial reef [J ] . Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics , 2025 , 42 ( 3 ): 665 - 676 .

谭赛飞 , 王选志 , 张美玲 , 等 . 长方体框架型人工鱼礁的流场效应 [J ] . 应用力学学报 , 2025 , 42 ( 3 ): 665 - 676 .

Xue D , Wang C , Huang T , et al . Flow field effects and physical stability of pyramidal artificial reef with different slope angles [J ] . Ocean Engineering , 2023 , 283 : 115059 . DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115059 .

Alfonsi G . Coherent structures of turbulence: methods of eduction and results [J ] . Applied Mechanics Reviews , 2006 , 59 ( 6 ): 307 - 323 . DOI: 10.1115/1.2345370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2345370 .

Ouro P , Wilson C A M E , Evans P , et al . Large-eddy simulation of shallow turbulent wakes behind a conical island [J ] . Physics of Fluids , 2017 , 29 ( 12 ): 126601 . DOI: 10.1063/1.5004028 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5004028 .

Luo Q , Stoesser T , Jalalabadi R , et al . Hydrodynamics and turbulence of free-surface flow over a backward-facing step [J ] . Journal of Hydraulic Research , 2023 , 61 ( 5 ): 611 - 630 . DOI: 10.1080/00221686.2023.2239751 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2023.2239751 .

Views

下载量

CNKI被引量

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰