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投稿时间：2020-06-19 修订日期：2020-12-14
投稿时间：2020-06-19 修订日期：2020-12-14
中文摘要: 水下穿越管道在常年服役过程中由于自然、人为等因素易产生裸露、悬空等现象，使得管道部分或全部暴露于水流中，其受力状态发生改变，甚至断裂，严重威胁着管道安全与河流生态健康。为了研究水下穿越管道经水流冲刷露出的悬空段所受水流作用力的受力特性，开展了水工物理模型试验，探究了在流量一定时，流速、管流夹角、管径以及间隙比4种因素对穿越管道悬空段所受水力荷载的影响。试验结果表明：管道迎水面部分受压，部分受拉，管道背水面全部受拉，管道迎水面中点处压力值最大，管顶拉力值约为管底拉力的1.05～1.25倍，管道表面各点压力值与流速、管径、管流夹角呈正相关，与间隙比呈负相关，管道压力分离点位置随流速、管流夹角、管径的增大而前移，随间隙比的增大而后移。单位长度管道所受上升力大小约为水平拖曳力的1/10～1/20，二者均随流速、管流夹角、管径的增大而增大，随间隙比的增大而减小。根据试验数据，结合多元回归模型拟合得到单位长度管道所受水平拖曳力和上升力的计算公式，其公式计算结果与试验结果基本一致，且在实际工程算例中具有良好的普适性。研究成果将为水下穿越管道的布线设计、冲刷防护及运营管理提供一定的理论参考。
Abstract:Underwater traversing pipelines are prone to being exposed and suspended due to natural or man-made factors during the year-round service, which makes the pipeline partially or completely exposed to the water flow. In the meanwhile，the stress state of the pipeline changes or even breaks, seriously threatening the safety of the pipeline and the ecological health of the river. In order to study the loading capacity of the water flow force on the suspended section exposed by the flow passing through the underwater pipeline, a physical model experiment was carried out to explore the influence of four hydrodynamic conditions on the loading capacity of the pipeline when the flow rate, flow angle, pipe diameter and clearance ratio are constant. The experimental results indicated that the pipeline is partially under pressure, partially under tension on the water-facing surface, but pulled on back-water surface, whereas the pressure value at the midpoint of the pipeline towards the water surface is the largest. The tension on the top of the pipe is about 1.05 ~ 1.25 times of that on the bottom of the pipe. The pressure value of each point on the surface of pipeline is positively correlated with velocity, pipe diameter and pipe flow angle, but negatively correlated with clearance ratio. The pressure separation point moves forward with the increase of the velocity, the angle of the pipe flow, and the diameter of the pipe, but moves backward with the increase of the gap ratio. The vertical rising force per unit length of the pipeline is 1/10 to 1/20 of the horizontal drag force, both of which increase with the increase of flow velocity, pipe flow angle, and pipe diameter, but decrease with the increase of the gap ratio. According to the test data, combined with the multiple regression model fitting, the calculation formula of the horizontal drag force and rising force of the unit length pipeline was obtained, and the calculation result of the formula was basically consistent with the test result, which also had good generality in practical engineering examples. The research results will provide a certain theoretical reference for the wiring design, erosion protection and operation management of underwater crossing pipelines.
keywords: underwater crossing pipeline loading capacity surface point pressure horizontal drag force vertical rising force
文章编号：202000508 中图分类号：TV139 文献标志码：
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51478403）
| 作者 | 单位 | |
| 杨庆华 | 西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031 | qhyang@home.swjtu.edu.cn |
| 张宇倩 | 西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031 | ZhangYuqian@my.swjtu.edu.cn |
| 杨乾 | 西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031 | |
| 王子聪 | 西南交通大学 土木工程学院，四川 成都 610031 |
作者简介:第一作者：杨庆华(1976-),男,副教授,博士.研究方向:水力学及水动力学.E-mail:qhyang@home.swjtu.edu.cn;通信作者：张宇倩,E-mail:ZhangYuqian@my.swjtu.edu.cn
引用文本：
杨庆华,张宇倩,杨乾,王子聪.水下穿越管道悬空段受力特性的试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2021,53(2):19-27.
YANG Qinghua,ZHANG Yuqian,YANG Qian,WANG Zicong.Experimental Study on the Loading Capacity of Suspended Section of Underwater Crossing Pipeline[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2021,53(2):19-27.
引用文本：
杨庆华,张宇倩,杨乾,王子聪.水下穿越管道悬空段受力特性的试验研究[J].工程科学与技术,2021,53(2):19-27.
YANG Qinghua,ZHANG Yuqian,YANG Qian,WANG Zicong.Experimental Study on the Loading Capacity of Suspended Section of Underwater Crossing Pipeline[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2021,53(2):19-27.